Explanation of effective factors in sustainable rural development with tourism approach (case study: Abadeh county)

Introduction
The semi-arid region is considered one of the tourist regions, and the villages of this type of region have their own type of tourism. Due to this type and climatic, environmental and infrastructure differences, they require their own planning and management. On the other hand, the issue of sustainability is of double importance for these villages; Considering the importance of sustainability on the one hand and the capacities of tourism on the other hand, appropriate measures should be emphasized to achieve sustainable rural development with a tourism approach. Based on this, various factors can be identified and explained in the direction of sustainable rural development with a tourism approach. In fact, in order for the villages of semi-arid regions to be placed in a favorable process of sustainable development with a tourism approach, a proper recognition and explanation of the existing conditions and effective factors in the promotion and development of sustainable tourism should be achieved. As one of the semi-arid regions of Iran, Abadeh county has villages with its own environmental and tourism characteristics. Historical, cultural and ecotourism tourist attractions have provided capacities for the development of these villages, but due to their shortcomings and insufficient attention, tourism has not been developed. On the other hand, rural areas are also facing various environmental and economic tensions, and this problem is also spreading and has consequences such as population instability. Tourism, as a thoughtful approach, can be effective in this field, but in order to have an acceptable impact, the effective factors in this field must be identified and explained. In fact, the main goal is to identify and analyze influential factors in order to achieve sustainable rural development with a tourism approach in semi-arid areas. Based on this knowledge and analysis, appropriate planning can be adopted and implemented.


Methodology
The descriptive-analytical research method is applied research in terms of its purpose. The data collection method was a survey and the data was collected through a questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaire was done by experts and reliability by completing the questionnaire outside the statistical sample. The statistical population of the research was formed by the residents of the villages of Abadeh city as well as experts related to the subject. The number of inhabited villages in the city has reached 22 villages, of which 13 villages with more than 30 households were selected in this research. In the first group of research, i.e. local residents, 372 people and in the second group, i.e. experts, 50 people were determined as the sample size. SPSS and Excel software were also used for data analysis. The method of data analysis was factor analysis and SWOT model.

Findings
The result of the research showed that from the point of view of the local community, economic, infrastructural and social planning are effective in sustainable rural development with a tourism approach. Based on this approach and planning, factors include marketing and branding of rural tourism, creating a bazaar to sell local products and handicrafts, creating rural tourism service development offices in the region, participation of villagers as tourist guides, expanding technology services including the Internet, advertising and information. Providing information for rural tourism, expanding cooperative activities in the field of rural tourism, improving the level of awareness and knowledge of local people towards tourism, implementing the rural tourism plan, changing the mentality of rural managers to the field of tourism, improving rural accommodation services, expanding security and creating a peaceful atmosphere in The village, education to the local community plays an important role and can provide a platform for the development of tourism and in the general sense of sustainable rural development.
The results of the factor analysis showed that from the point of view of the local community, 19 sub-factors are effective in sustainable rural development with a tourism approach with an explanation of 75.860%. These sub-factors are categorized into three macro-factors including economic, infrastructural and social planning (55.069 percent), service development and general knowledge (14.528 percent), and management, security and education (6.262 percent). In terms of micro factors, the support factor and the role of the government in rural tourism with a weight of 0.929 is known as the most important factor in sustainable rural development with a tourism approach in semi-arid areas of Iran. Also, two factors of diversification of the rural economy from agriculture to other areas, including tourism with a value of 0.914 and factor B of women's activity in rural tourism with a value of 0.912, are known to be the second and third most influential factors.
From the point of view of experts, among the leading and positive factors are the spirit of ethnocentrism and collectivism in villages, the diversity of rural tourism attractions with people, the hospitality culture of villagers in different regions, the possibility of attracting investment from the private sector, and also increasing the level of income. and the employment of the people in the villages, the unspoiled capacities of nomadic tourism in the region, the capacity to brand rural tourism and the most important inhibiting factors are the lack of tourist accommodation in the villages, the lack of rural tourism services and equipment, the unknown nature of tourism in the region, drought and lack of water in the years Recently, he pointed out the creation of a new communication road between Isfahan and Shiraz and hot and dry climatic conditions.
From the point of view of experts, the most important factors of strength, weakness, opportunity and threat in the field of sustainable rural development with a tourism approach, including the spirit of ethnocentrism and collectivism in villages with the final weight (0.388); Lack of tourist accommodation in villages with final weight (0.427); The possibility of attracting investment from the private sector as well as increasing the level of income and employment of rural people jointly with the final weight (0.375); Drought and lack of water in recent years are with final weight (0.523). The best strategy for smoothing and realizing sustainable rural development with a tourism approach, diversification strategy was determined, the most important of which includes attracting capital in the field of tourism and branding it.

Conclusion
In general, the explanation and analysis of the results show that various factors are effective on sustainable rural development with a tourism approach. In this context, what is important is optimal use and exploitation. The limitations and bottlenecks of the semi-arid rural areas are significant, but in Farakhor, there are also various capacities that can reduce tensions. According to these conditions, strategies can be designed, but the most important strategies are of the diversity type, which reduces weaknesses by taking advantage of opportunities.