Targeted econometrics of tourism on the physical resilience of the tourism village)Case study: Mahshan County)

Introduction
Tourism by reviving and reorganizing the local economy and improving the quality of life and supplementing income for the agricultural, handicraft and service sectors as well as creating exchange and interaction with the new community and breaking the isolation of remote areas and providing opportunities to re-evaluate heritage and symbols (nature, landscape) and access to open space) and the identity of rural places that lead to social sustainability; Therefore, by helping to understand the economic value of food production as well as unused and abandoned buildings, landscapes, spaces and unique cultures and helping environmental and economic policies, it can affect the resilience of regions and villages that have tourism potential. Due to the fact that Mahenshan has many natural attractions and ancient tourism artifacts, its name is less known to the travelers of this province and it has poor tourism facilities, which can be known by improving the tourism and infrastructure facilities of the region and removing the obstacles from the way. If the tourism of such villages is not paid attention to, the damage caused by this lack of attention can threaten the rural household; Therefore, the importance of paying attention to this issue is very high, and therefore, this research aims to investigate the effective variables of rural tourism development on the physical resilience of the village to know the relationship between the development of rural tourism on the physical resilience of the target villages.
 
Methodology
In This Research, In Terms Of Purpose, It Is Applied, In Terms Of The Nature Of The Cause-Effect Method, The Way Of Collecting Information, The Official Data Of The Cultural Heritage And Tourism Department, The Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation, The Statistical Yearbook Of Zanjan Province, And Also The Statistical Population In This Research Includes The Target Villages Of Tourism. Mahneshan City (Khandaghlo, Pari, Alamkandi, Khozjahan, Qozlo, Khoran, Madabad, Kila), Which Is In The Period From 1996 To 2020. The Method Used Is Panel Regression And For The Analysis The Statistical Software Evioz Is Used. Generally, Three Types Of Data Are Available For Empirical Analysis In Economics: Time Series, Cross-Sectional And Panel (A Combination Of Time Series And Cross-Sectional). In Tabular Data, The Same Cross-Sectional Unit Is Examined And Measured Over Time. In Other Words, The Set Of Observations Characterized By A Large Number Of Cross-Sectional Variables (N) During A Period Of Time (T). This N*T Is Called By The Names Of Tabular, Panel, Combined, Cross-Sectional Time-Series Data, Etc.
 
Findings
The index of the relative share of the direct employment of tourism from the total employment, the entry and exit of tourists in tourist villages creates new places of business, markets, bazaars, shops, etc., and resistant facades are built, with the employment of local residents in tourism, it reduces the damage to pastures. water and soil resources and improvement of exploitation or not selling and dividing lands or renting them; Therefore, employment of residents in tourism reduces low-efficiency jobs and optimal use of resources; Therefore, this index, due to being positive on the physical aspect of the region, causes the physical resilience of the village. Revisit rate index, special and attractive tourist attractions, memorable experience, satisfaction and memorable image, as well as the existence of a healthy and good, reliable and low-risk environment are all among the factors of tourists' repeat visits. Revisiting the destination has more positive effects and lower cost than the first visit for the destinations; Therefore, due to the familiarity of tourists with the environment, the visit will be shorter and less crowded with planning, and it will attract the attention of tourism officials and improve the effective factors and awareness of tourists about the environment, and it will lead to proper use and reduce damage to tourist areas.
Tourism business index owned by local people, new businesses related to tourism in the village change the shape and appearance as well as the lifestyle of the villagers; Because changing the use of houses, gardens and fields, rivers and lakes, etc. and turning them into tourism environments reduces physical resilience.
 
Discussion and Conclusion
The results of the answers to the research questions using the panel regression method for 8 selected tourism villages show that the variables that improve the level of physical resilience include the relative share of direct tourism employment from the total employment with a coefficient of 0.27, it is clear that the presence of tourists has created new jobs in the village and It has helped to improve the employment of the village, the more tourism flourishes, the less productive jobs will be reduced and the freed resources will be used in a more cost-effective way, the return rate with a coefficient of 0.54, it is evident that revisiting has less negative effects and less damage to the environment. Because of the familiarity of the tourist with the environment, the visits become shorter and the density decreases, but it has more positive effects because the revisit proves the health and reliability of the environment and increases the presence of tourists, the penetration ratio of tourists with a coefficient of -0.17 The presence and increase of tourists beyond the capacity of the village causes damage to the village, which although it is significant but has a negative impact, tourism businesses owned by local people with a coefficient of -0.031 due to being significant but has a negative impact on the body of the village, the percentage of tourism credits With a coefficient of 0.027, it is evident that the allocation of credit improves the infrastructure and facilities, and the presence of tourists is more convenient and long-term, and the people of the village earn better, the results show that the variables of the percentage of tourists staying overnight with a coefficient of 0.02 are due to the weak infrastructure of the villages. And the ratio of resident households to second homes with a coefficient of 0.027 is not evident in that area, and as a result, they have not been able to have an expected effect on physical resilience for reasons. The application of this study is in Mahneshan city of Zanjan province and it is to measure the impact of tourism on the physical resilience of rural areas in order to increase the resilience capacity.