Determinants of welfare and quality of life of rural residents (Case study: villages of Varzeqan County)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Architecture & Urban Planning, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

2 Assistant Professor of Faculty of Architectural Engineering and Urbanism. Shahrood University of Technology. Shahrood. Iran.

Abstract

Promoting rural life The main goal of agricultural jihad and national development policies is to achieve sustainable development. One of the key aspects for the success of these policies is the possibility of monitoring the quality of life in all its social, economic and environmental dimensions and requires the implementation of tools that can identify the main dimensions of human satisfaction but this is very complex. People in the Rurales of Varzeqan township are based on the basic components with reference to the theory of "age" capabilities to prevent the abandonment of Rurales. The research is descriptive and observational through a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is the population of 10 selected Rurales in Varzeqan township. The sample size was 372 based on Cochran's formula. For data analysis of structural equations by heuristic and second-order factor method was performed using Amos and Spss software. The results show that the main determinants of well-being in terms of individual perceptions are economic conditions, security, environmental quality and educational opportunities. Welfare conditions in the Rurales of Khoinrood, Vanestan, and Chai Kennedy Khairuddin are very low, while in contrast, the Rurales of Verdin and Kasin offer the highest levels of welfare in the Varzeqan region. Focusing on the Rural of Khoinrood, we can see that this area offers the lowest values for the three main dimensions of the four main dimensions of welfare, which seems remarkable. As a result, to prevent the abandonment and emptiness of Rurales, double attention should be paid to the level of welfare and quality of life of rural residents.

Keywords

References

  • فرامرزی مهسا و زینالی عظیم، علی، (1397)، ارزیابی عملکرد مدیریتی شهر تبریز پس از تأسیس شورای اسلامی شهر تبریز ، جغرافیا (برنامه ریزی منطقه ای)، دوره 9، شماره 1، صص. 445-458.
  • Alonso, A. D., & Nyanjom, J. (2016). Tourism, quality of life, and residents of a rural town. Tourism Analysis, Vol.21, No.6, PP.617-629. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354216x14713487283165.
  • Alonso, A. D., & Nyanjom, J. (2016). Tourism, quality of life, and residents of a rural town. Tourism Analysis, Vol.21, No.6, PP.617-629. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354216x14713487283165.
  • Burger, Martijn; Hendriks, Martijn; Ianchovichina, Elena. (2021), Happy but Unequal: Differences in Subjective Well-Being across Individuals and Space in Colombia. Policy Research Working Paper; No. 9554. PP. 1-44 World Bank, Washington. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/35184 License.
  • Burger, Martijn; Hendriks, Martijn; Ianchovichina, Elena. (2021), Happy but Unequal: Differences in Subjective Well-Being across Individuals and Space in Colombia. Policy Research Working Paper; No. 9554. PP. 1-44 World Bank, Washington. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/35184 License.
  • Chen, H., & Zhu, Z. (2021). Social trust and emotional health in rural older adults in China: the mediating and moderating role of subjective well-being and subjective social status. BMC Public Health, Vol.21, No.1. PP. 1-13. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10617-y.
  • Chen, H., & Zhu, Z. (2021). Social trust and emotional health in rural older adults in China: the mediating and moderating role of subjective well-being and subjective social status. BMC Public Health, Vol.21, No.1. PP. 1-13. doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10617-y.
  • Cheng, L., & Xu, J. (2021). Benefit-sharing and residents’ subjective well-being in rural tourism: An asymmetric approach. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, Vol.21, PP. 1-17. 100631. doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100631.
  • Cheng, L., & Xu, J. (2021). Benefit-sharing and residents’ subjective well-being in rural tourism: An asymmetric approach. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, Vol.21, PP. 1-17. 100631. doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2021.100631.
  • Christakopoulou, S., Dawson, J., Gari, A., (2001). The community well-being questionnaire: theoretical context and initial assessment of its reliability and validity. Soc. Indicat. Res. Vol.56, No.3, PP. 319-349
  • Christakopoulou, S., Dawson, J., Gari, A., (2001). The community well-being questionnaire: theoretical context and initial assessment of its reliability and validity. Soc. Indicat. Res. Vol.56, No.3, PP. 319-349.
  • D’Ambrosio, C., Jäntti, M., & Lepinteur, A. (2020). Money and happiness: Income, wealth and Subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, Vol.148, No.1, PP. 47-66.
  • D’Ambrosio, C., Jäntti, M., & Lepinteur, A. (2020). Money and happiness: Income, wealth and Subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, Vol.148, No.1, PP. 47-66.
  • Desai, M., (1995). Poverty, Famine and Economic Development, the Selected Essays of Meghnad Desai Vol. 2. Economist of the Twentieth Century. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham.
  • Desai, M., (1995). Poverty, Famine and Economic Development, the Selected Essays of Meghnad Desai Vol. 2. Economist of the Twentieth Century. Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham.
  • Ferrari, M.G., Bocci, E., Lepisto, E., Cavallero, P., Rombai, L., (2019). Territories and landscapes: place identity, quality of life and psychological well-being in rural areas. In: Bianco, A., Conigliaro, P., Gnaldi, M. (Eds.), Italian Studies on Quality of Life. Social Indicators Research Series. Springer, Cham, 2019. Gilbert, A., Colley, K., Roberts, D., (2016). Are rural residents happier? A quantitative analysis of subjective wellbeing in Scotland. J. Rural Stud. Vol.44, PP. 37-45.
  • Ferrari, M.G., Bocci, E., Lepisto, E., Cavallero, P., Rombai, L., (2019). Territories and landscapes: place identity, quality of life and psychological well-being in rural areas. In: Bianco, A., Conigliaro, P., Gnaldi, M. (Eds.), Italian Studies on Quality of Life. Social Indicators Research Series. Springer, Cham, 2019. Gilbert, A., Colley, K., Roberts, D., (2016). Are rural residents happier? A quantitative analysis of subjective wellbeing in Scotland. J. Rural Stud. Vol.44, PP. 37-45.
  • Hoogerbrugge, M., & Burger, M. (2021). Selective migration and urban–rural differences in subjective well-being: Evidence from the United Kingdom. Urban Studies, Vol.121. PP. 1-8 004209802110230. doi:10.1177/00420980211023052.
  • Hoogerbrugge, M., & Burger, M. (2021). Selective migration and urban–rural differences in subjective well-being: Evidence from the United Kingdom. Urban Studies, Vol.121. PP. 1-8 004209802110230. doi:10.1177/00420980211023052.
  • Johnson BT, Acabchuk RL (2018), What are the keys to a longer, happier life? Answers from five decades of health psychology research. Soc Sci Med, Vol.196, PP. 218-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.11.001.
  • Johnson BT, Acabchuk RL (2018), What are the keys to a longer, happier life? Answers from five decades of health psychology research. Soc Sci Med, Vol.196, PP. 218-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.11.001.
  • Kumano M (2018) On the concept of well-being in Japan: feeling shiawase as hedonic well-being and feeling Ikigai as eudaimonic well-being. Appl Res Qual Life, Vol.13, PP. 419-433
  • Kumano M (2018) On the concept of well-being in Japan: feeling shiawase as hedonic well-being and feeling Ikigai as eudaimonic well-being. Appl Res Qual Life, Vol.13, PP. 419-433
  • Li, Y., Westlund, H., Liu, Y, (2019) Why some rural areas decline while some others not: an overview of rural evolution in the world. J. Rural Stud. 68, PP 135-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.03.003
  • Li, Y., Westlund, H., Liu, Y, (2019) Why some rural areas decline while some others not: an overview of rural evolution in the world. J. Rural Stud. Vol.68, PP 135-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.03.003
  • Macchia, L., Plagnol, A. C., & Powdthavee, N. (2020). Buying happiness in an unequal world: Rank of income more strongly predicts well-being in more unequal countries. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol46, No.5, PP.769-780. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0146167219877413.
  • Macchia, L., Plagnol, A. C., & Powdthavee, N. (2020). Buying happiness in an unequal world: Rank of income more strongly predicts well-being in more unequal countries. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol46, No.5, PP.769-780. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0146167219877413.
  • Mauro, V., Biggeri, M., Maggino, F., (2018). Measuring and monitoring poverty and wellbeing: a new approach for the synthesis of multidimensionality. Soc. Indicat. Res.Vol.135, PP. 75-89.
  • Mauro, V., Biggeri, M., Maggino, F., (2018). Measuring and monitoring poverty and wellbeing: a new approach for the synthesis of multidimensionality. Soc. Indicat. Res.Vol.135, PP. 75-89.
  • McCrea, R., Walton, A., Leonard, R., 2014. A conceptual framework for investigating community wellbeing and resilience. Rural Soc.Vol.23, No.3, PP. 270-282.
  • McCrea, R., Walton, A., Leonard, R., 2014. A conceptual framework for investigating community wellbeing and resilience. Rural Soc.Vol.23, No.3, PP. 270-282.
  • McCrea, R., Walton, A., Leonard, R., 2016. Developing a model of community wellbeing and resilience in response to change. Soc. Indicat. Res. Vol.129, No.1, PP.1-15. 195214.
  • McCrea, R., Walton, A., Leonard, R., 2016. Developing a model of community wellbeing and resilience in response to change. Soc. Indicat. Res. Vol.129, No.1, PP.1-15. 195214.
  • Musson, A., Rousseli`ere, D., (2019). Social capital and subjective well-being. In: Brul´e, G., Suter, C. (Eds.), Wealth(s) and Subjective Well-Being, Vol. 76. PP. 353-374. Social Indicators Research Series.
  • Musson, A., Rousseli`ere, D., (2019). Social capital and subjective well-being. In: Brul´e, G., Suter, C. (Eds.), Wealth(s) and Subjective Well-Being, Vol. 76. PP. 353-374. Social Indicators Research Series.
  • Nanor, M.A, Poku-Boansi, M, Adarkwa, K, K, (2021), Determinants of subjective wellbeing in rural communities: Evidence from the Juaben Municipality, Ghana, Cities, Vol.113, 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103140.
  • Nanor, M.A, Poku-Boansi, M, Adarkwa, K, K, (2021), Determinants of subjective wellbeing in rural communities: Evidence from the Juaben Municipality, Ghana, Cities, Vol.113, PP. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103140.
  • Pleeging, E., Burger, M., van Exel, J, (2021). The Relations between Hope and Subjective Well-Being: a Literature Overview and Empirical Analysis, Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer; International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 16(3), PP. 1019-1041.
  • Pleeging, E., Burger, M., van Exel, J, (2021). The Relations between Hope and Subjective Well-Being: a Literature Overview and Empirical Analysis, Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer; International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vVol. 16(3), No.3, PP. 1019-1041.
  • Requena, F., (2016). Rural–urban living and level of economic development as factors in, subjective well-being. Soc. Indicat. Res. Vol.128, No.2, PP.693-708. 1007/s11205-015-1051-1.
  • Requena, F., (2016). Rural–urban living and level of economic development as factors in, subjective well-being. Soc. Indicat. Res. Vol.128, No.2, PP.693-708. 1007/s11205-015-1051-1.
  • Scott, K., Rowe, F., Pollock, V., (2018). Creating the good life? A wellbeing perspective on cultural value in rural development. J. Rural Stud. Vol. 59, PP.173-182.
  • Scott, K., Rowe, F., Pollock, V., (2018). Creating the good life? A wellbeing perspective on cultural value in rural development. J. Rural Stud. Vol. 59, PP.173-182.
  • Sen, A.K., (1992). Inequality Reexamined. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • Sen, A.K., (1992). Inequality Reexamined. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • Sirgy, M.J., Widgery, R.N., Lee, D.J., Grace, B.Y., 2010. Developing a measure of community well-being based on perceptions of impact in various life domains. Soc. Indicat. Res. Vol.96, No.2, PP. 295-311.
  • Sirgy, M.J., Widgery, R.N., Lee, D.J., Grace, B.Y., 2010. Developing a measure of community well-being based on perceptions of impact in various life domains. Soc. Indicat. Res. Vol.96, No.2, PP. 295-311.
  • Steptoe A (2019) Happiness and Health. Annu Rev Public Health Vol.40, PP. 339-359 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-044150.
  • Steptoe A (2019) Happiness and Health. Annu Rev Public Health Vol.40, PP. 339-359 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-044150.
  • Su, H., Zhou, Y., Wang, H., & Xing, L. (2021). Social support, self-worth, and subjective well-being in older adults of rural China: a cross-sectional study. Psychology, Health & Medicine, Vol, 189, PP.1-7. doi:10.1080/13548506.2021.1905861.
  • Su, H., Zhou, Y., Wang, H., & Xing, L. (2021). Social support, self-worth, and subjective well-being in older adults of rural China: a cross-sectional study. Psychology, Health & Medicine, Vol, 189, PP.1-7. doi:10.1080/13548506.2021.1905861.
  • Szaboova, L., Safra de Campos, R., Adger, W. N., Abu, M., Codjoe, S. N. A., Franco Gavonel, M., Hazra, S. (2021). Urban sustainability and the subjective well‐being of migrants: The role of risks, place attachment, and aspirations. Population, Space and Place. Vol, 98, PP, 1-14. doi:10.1002/psp.2505.
  • Szaboova, L., Safra de Campos, R., Adger, W. N., Abu, M., Codjoe, S. N. A., Franco Gavonel, M., Hazra, S. (2021). Urban sustainability and the subjective well‐being of migrants: The role of risks, place attachment, and aspirations. Population, Space and Place. Vol, 98, PP, 1-14. doi:10.1002/psp.2505.
  • Tang, J, Xu, Y, Ma, W, Gao, S, (2021), Does participation in poverty alleviation programmes increase subjective well-being? Results from a survey of rural residents in Shanxi, China, Habitat International, Vol.118, PP. 1-18, 102455, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2021.102455.
  • Tang, J, Xu, Y, Ma, W, Gao, S, (2021), Does participation in poverty alleviation programmes increase subjective well-being? Results from a survey of rural residents in Shanxi, China, Habitat International, Vol. 118, PP. 1-18, 102455, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2021.102455.
  • Tsurumi, T., Yamaguchi, R., Kagohashi, K., & Managi, S. (2020). Attachment to Material Goods and Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from Life Satisfaction in Rural Areas in Vietnam. Sustainability, Vol.12, No.23, PP. 1-20. 9913. doi:10.3390/su12239913.
  • Tsurumi, T., Yamaguchi, R., Kagohashi, K., & Managi, S. (2020). Attachment to Material Goods and Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from Life Satisfaction in Rural Areas in Vietnam. Sustainability, Vol.12, No.23, PP. 1-20. 9913. doi:10.3390/su12239913.
  • Tsurumi, T., Yamaguchi, R., Kagohashi, K., & Managi, S. (2021). Material and relational consumption to improve subjective well-being: Evidence from rural and urban Vietnam. Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 310, PP. 1-12. 127499. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127499.
  • Tsurumi, T., Yamaguchi, R., Kagohashi, K., & Managi, S. (2021). Material and relational consumption to improve subjective well-being: Evidence from rural and urban Vietnam. Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 310, PP. 1-12. 127499. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127499.
  • Voukelatou, V., Gabrielli, L., Miliou, I., Cresci, S., Sharma, R., Tesconi, M., & Pappalardo, L. (2021). Measuring objective and subjective well-being: dimensions and data sources. International Journal of Data Science and Analytics, Vol.11: PP. 279–309. doi:10.1007/s41060-020-00224-2.
  • Voukelatou, V., Gabrielli, L., Miliou, I., Cresci, S., Sharma, R., Tesconi, M., & Pappalardo, L. (2021). Measuring objective and subjective well-being: dimensions and data sources. International Journal of Data Science and Analytics, Vol.11, PP. 279–-309. doi:10.1007/s41060-020-00224-2.
  • Wang, S.-C., & Fowler, P. J. (2019). Social Cohesion, Neighborhood Collective Efficacy, and Adolescent Subjective Well-being in Urban and Rural Taiwan. American Journal of Community Psychology. doi:10.1002/ajcp.12324. Vol.63, No.3-4, PP. 499-510. doi: 10.1002/ajcp.12324.
  • Wang, S.-C., & Fowler, P. J. (2019). Social Cohesion, Neighborhood Collective Efficacy, and Adolescent Subjective Well-being in Urban and Rural Taiwan. American Journal of Community Psychology. doi:10.1002/ajcp.12324. Vol.63, No.3-4, PP. 499-510. doi: 10.1002/ajcp.12324.
  • Zhu, M. J. (2019). The influence of social support on the subjective well-being of the left-behind elderly in rural areas-A case study of W Town, Neijiang City, Sichuan Province. Science and Technology Information, Vol.17, No.18, PP. 215-218. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode= CJFD&dbname=CJFDLAST2019&filename=ZXLJ201918116&v=l4AW3774vP89x0usTXPctZ29ID %25mmd2Fa7Svjxmr9O5pdzYjqlBw%25mmd2Fidm9MX%25mmd2BPlMALDLKI.
  • Zhu, M. J. (2019). The influence of social support on the subjective well-being of the left-behind elderly in rural areas-A case study of W Town, Neijiang City, Sichuan Province. Science and Technology Information, Vol.17, No.18, PP. 215-218. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode= CJFD&dbname=CJFDLAST2019&filename=ZXLJ201918116&v=l4AW3774vP89x0usTXPctZ29ID %25mmd2Fa7Svjxmr9O5pdzYjqlBw%25mmd2Fidm9MX%25mmd2BPlMALDLKI.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics