بررسی راه‌های افزایش اثربخشی شرکت‌های تعاونی مرزنشینان و اثرات آن بر رشد روستاهای مرزی (مطالعه موردی: استان اردبیل)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 مربی، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در مناطق مرزی سازوکار مبادلات تجاری باتوجه‌به حساسیت این مناطق از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است؛ بنابراین در چارچوب عدالت، تعاونی­های مرزنشینان می­توانند بهترین نقش را ایفا کنند. در این راستا، این پژوهش ابتدا به بررسی راهکارهای افزایش اثربخشی شرکت­های تعاونی مرزنشینان از طریق عوامل مدیریتی، دولتی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی، آموزشی و مشارکتی که به واسطه مبانی نظری و پیشینه تحقیق به‌دست‌آمده بود، پرداخت و سپس اثرات این شرکت­ها بر رشد مناطق مرزی استان اردبیل در زمینه­های: تولید، صادرات، اشتغال، درآمد مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی تحلیلی بوده و جامعه آماری آن را 14 شرکت‌تعاونی مرزنشینان در بر می­گیرد. حجم نمونه آماری طبق فرمول کوکران 383 نفر از اعضای شرکت­های تعاونی یاد شده، بود.پرسش‌نامهه بر اساس مقیاس طیف لیکرت به‌صورت تصادفی ساده بین نمونه آماری توزیع گردید. برای آزمون سؤالات پژوهش، از آزمون­های t، رگرسیون و اسپیرمن از طریق نرم‌افزار  SPSSاستفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که در مؤلفه‌های اثربخشی بر شرکت­های تعاونی­های مرزنشینیان، به ترتیب عامل دولتی، اقتصادی، مدیریتی، آموزشی، اجتماعی و مشارکتی، بیشترین تا کمترین تأثیر را بر اثربخشی تعاونی­های مرزنشینان داشتند و به هر اندازه تعاونی­های مرزنشینان از طریق عوامل مؤثر (دولتی، اقتصادی - اجتماعی، مدیریتی، آموزشی، مشارکتی) تقویت گردند، به همان میزان نیز روستاها در زمینه­های تولید، اشتغال، درآمد و صادرات فعال­تر خواهند بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating Ways to Enhance the Effectiveness of Border Residents’ Cooperatives and Their Impact on the Development of Border Villages (Case Study: Ardabil Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amirali Farhang 1
  • Esmail Dalir 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 Instructor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction
Border areas are inherently human and socio‑spatial phenomena that constitute an important field of inquiry in geography. In recent decades, increasing attention has been devoted to regions located along international borders, as these areas can foster economic interaction, cooperation, and regional integration between neighboring countries. Historically, cross‑border exchanges among residents of border regions existed long before the establishment of formal legal frameworks governing international trade and border management. Such interactions have traditionally played a significant role in sustaining local livelihoods and promoting socio‑economic connectivity across borders. Scholars have highlighted the importance of institutional mechanisms to address the structural challenges often faced by border regions, including poverty, marginalization, and limited economic opportunities. For example, Melia Martin and colleagues emphasize that the establishment of cross‑border cooperatives can help mitigate deprivation and stimulate local development, while Varz argues that border‑resident cooperatives are essential for sustainable cross‑border participation and economic integration. In Iran, border‑resident cooperatives have a long history; they have operated informally since 1965 and have gradually developed into more organized institutions. Ardabil Province, which shares an international border with the Republic of Azerbaijan, holds particular strategic significance in this regard. Accordingly, the present study examines strategies for enhancing the effectiveness of border‑resident cooperatives through several key dimensions, including managerial, governmental, economic, social and cultural, educational, and participatory factors. In addition, the study evaluates the impacts of these cooperatives on the development of border areas in Ardabil Province, focusing on production, exports, employment generation, and income growth.
 

Methodology

This study is applied in terms of purpose and adopts a descriptive–analytical design. A mixed‑methods approach was employed to collect and analyze data. Preliminary information was obtained through a review of relevant literature and documentary sources, while primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire designed to assess strategies for enhancing the effectiveness of border‑resident cooperatives in promoting the development and prosperity of border areas. The statistical population consisted of all border‑resident cooperatives in Ardabil Province, comprising 14 cooperative companies with a total membership of 173,364 individuals. Using Cochran’s formula, a sample size of 383 respondents was determined. Participants were selected through simple random sampling. The research instrument included 44 items measured on a Likert scale. Inferential statistical methods were employed to test the study hypotheses and achieve the research objectives. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to assess data normality. Pearson correlation analysis and one‑sample t‑tests were applied to examine relationships between variables and compare mean values. In addition, regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of border‑resident cooperatives on key regional development indicators, including income generation, employment, exports, and production, and to determine the relative contribution of each variable to the growth and prosperity of the province’s border areas.
 

Findings

The regression results indicate that several factors influence the performance of border‑resident cooperatives. In descending order of impact, the most influential factors were the governmental factor (β = 1.442), the economic factor (β = 1.230), the managerial factor (β = 1.074), the educational factor (β = 0.955), the social factor (β = 0.214), and the participatory factor (β = 0.084). Regarding the impact of border cooperatives on regional development indicators, the results of Spearman’s correlation analysis demonstrate strong positive relationships between cooperative performance and several development outcomes. The strongest correlations were observed for employment generation in border areas (r = 0.832), income growth among border residents (r = 0.829), border exports (r = 0.811), and regional production (r = 0.805). These findings indicate a substantial association between the effective functioning of border‑resident cooperatives and improvements in socio‑economic conditions in border regions.
 

Discussion and Conclusion

The findings suggest that the effectiveness of border‑resident cooperatives—particularly in promoting employment—is strongly associated with governmental support and policy interventions. More effective governmental planning, supportive policies, and appropriate regulatory frameworks can significantly strengthen cooperative performance and stimulate job creation in border areas. In addition to governmental support, economic policies and financial mechanisms play an important role in enhancing income generation among border residents. Furthermore, improvements in export capacity and production levels appear to depend on higher levels of awareness, education, and community participation. Overall, strengthening institutional support, improving managerial and educational capacities, and encouraging local participation can enhance the effectiveness of border‑resident cooperatives and contribute to sustainable socio‑economic development in border regions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Effectiveness
  • Border Villages
  • Border Residents Cooperative
  • Ardabil Province

مراجع

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روستا و توسعه پایدار فضا
دوره 7، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 25
اردیبهشت 1405
صفحه 21-48

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 17 بهمن 1403
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