بررسی راه‌های افزایش اثربخشی شرکت‌های تعاونی مرزنشینان و اثرات این شرکت‌ها بر رشد روستاهای مرزی (مطالعه موردی: استان اردبیل)

Border areas are phenomena that are basically human in nature and are part of the field of geography studies. During the recent decades, there has been a lot of interest in the study of the regions that are located along the borders of the convergence of countries, so that these geographical regions may create compatibility and economic compatibility in the convergence between countries. Therefore, carrying out border exchanges between the residents of the border areas of the two countries before the establishment of codified law with the border residents of the neighboring countries has been customary and common for a long time and during different ages. In this regard, in the opinion of Melia Martin and colleagues, to prevent the challenges and problems of deprivation and poverty in the border areas, creating cross-border cooperatives is a good solution, and Varz also believes that the cooperative companies of the border residents are necessary for sustainable cross-border participation. In Iran, cooperatives of border dwellers have been active since the distant past and unofficially since 1344, and since Ardabil province has a common border with the Republic of Azerbaijan, it is important in this respect.

In the border areas, the trade exchange mechanism is of great importance due to the sensitivity of these areas. Therefore, in the framework of justice, border dwellers' cooperatives can play the best role. In this regard, this research has investigated the strategies to increase the effectiveness of cooperative companies of border residents and the effects of these companies on the growth of border areas of Ardabil province. This research is practical in terms of its purpose and a survey in terms of its implementation method. Its statistical population is 14 border cooperative companies with 173364 members and its statistical sample size is 383 according to Cochran's formula. The questionnaire was prepared based on the Likert scale and was distributed among the statistical sample by a simple random method. To test research hypotheses, t-test and Pearson's correlation were used, and regression estimation was used to check the importance of effectiveness and also to check the importance of factors affecting the effectiveness of cooperatives. The findings showed that the six factors of the research, including managerial, cooperative, educational, cultural, Social and government factors, each of which is defined with an economic goal, have a positive and significant effect on increasing the effectiveness of border dwellers. Among them, government and administrative factors are the most important influencing factors. The most important findings of this expansion were in finding the influencing factors on policy and planning factors, especially the impact of these partnerships on the vast border areas of Ardabil province. The result is that the more the border dwellers' cooperatives are strengthened with effective factors (governmental, economic-social and cultural, managerial, educational, cooperative), the more effective they will be.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and analytical-descriptive in terms of nature, and mixed methods have been used in it. Library method was used for preliminary studies, and questionnaire method was used to investigate strategies to increase the effectiveness of cooperative companies of border dwellers in the growth and prosperity of border areas. Finally, by carefully examining the issue, solutions should be provided to increase the effectiveness and improve the performance of border dwellers' cooperatives in Ardabil province in order to grow the region, increase exports, generate income, and provide employment. The statistical population included all the cooperatives of border residents of the province in the number of 14 cooperative companies with 173364 members. The statistical sample size of 383 people was determined through Cochran's formula. The sampling method was a simple random type that 44 research questions were available to the research sample on a Likert scale. Inferential statistics were used to test the hypothesis and achieve the research goals. For this purpose, the Kolmogorov Smirnov test was used to check the normality of the data, and Pearson's correlation was used to test the hypotheses from the t-test sample, comparing the average of two and several populations. Also, regression was used to examine the relationship and effectiveness of cooperatives on regional development factors such as income generation, employment, export, production, and to determine the impact of each of these variables on the growth and prosperity of the border region of the province.

The estimation of the experimental model showed that in the factors affecting the performance of border cooperatives, in order: government factor with a coefficient of 1.442, economic factor with a coefficient of 1.23, managerial factor of 1.074, educational factor of 0.955, social factor and Culture 0.214, participation factor 0.084, had the most to least effect in improving the performance of border cooperatives. In the context of the effectiveness of border residents' cooperatives on the growth of income, exports, employment and regional production, the findings include: Spearman's correlation coefficient for increasing employment in border areas (0.832), and increasing the income of residents of border areas (0.829). ), and increasing exports in the border areas (0.811), to strengthen and increase the production of the region (0.805), and there was a strong relationship between these effects and the cooperative performance of the border residents.