Educational and psychological factors affecting farmers' willingness to integrate lands in Shushtar county



Abstract

The main objective of this study was to model the factors affecting the increase in farmers' behavioral inclination towards implementing the land integration plan in the middle water section of Shushtar County using social cognitive theory. The statistical population included all farmers in the middle water section of Shushtar County, Khuzestan Province (N=1400). Based on the Krejci and Morgan table, a sample size of 301 farmers was selected using the stratified random sampling method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, the validity of which was determined based on the opinions of the faculty members of Khuzestan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, and its reliability was determined through Cronbach's alpha. On the other hand, the average variance extracted (AVE) index was used to determine the construct validity and the composite reliability index (CR) was used to determine the model reliability. The results of structural equations showed that the variables of outcome expectations, perception of others' behavior, self-efficacy, supports, and barriers predicted 52 percent of the changes in the behavioral tendency of farmers towards implementing the land consolidation plan. Considering the importance of the issue of agricultural land consolidation, it is suggested that legislators, policymakers, and planners take steps to promote the consolidation of fragmented lands and the application of correct methods for protecting these natural resources, taking into account local and regional conditions and requirements, by enacting preventive laws to prevent fragmentation and land use change in environmental protection and development of integration.



Keywords: Land consolidation, intention, Farmers, Shushtar County



Introduction

In recent decades, land consolidation has emerged as a key strategy for improving agricultural productivity and sustainability. The fragmentation of agricultural lands presents significant challenges, including increased production costs, limitations in mechanization, and reduced environmental resilience. Land consolidation not only enhances resource efficiency but also has profound social and economic implications for rural communities. Given the importance of this issue, understanding farmers’ behavioral inclination toward implementing land integration policies and identifying the factors influencing this inclination is essential for the successful execution of these programs. In this context, the present study employs social cognitive theory to model the factors affecting farmers’ behavioral tendencies regarding land consolidation in the middle water section of Shushtar County, Khuzestan Province. The findings can help policymakers and planners devise effective strategies for sustainable land management.

Materials and Methods

This study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach using quantitative methods. The statistical population included all farmers in the middle water section of Shushtar County, Khuzestan Province (N=1400). Using Krejci and Morgan’s table, a sample of 301 farmers was selected through stratified random sampling. The primary data collection instrument was a researcher-designed questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed by faculty members from Khuzestan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, while Average Variance Extracted (AVE) and Composite Reliability (CR) indices were used to evaluate construct validity and model reliability. Data were analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), which allows researchers to examine complex relationships among multiple variables and determine the extent to which various factors contribute to behavioral changes.

Results

The results of the structural equation modeling revealed that five key variables significantly influenced farmers' behavioral tendencies toward land consolidation:

• Outcome expectations: Farmers who anticipate reductions in costs, increased productivity, and improved livelihoods are more inclined to participate in land consolidation programs.

• Perception of others' behavior: Observing the actions of other farmers and social influences plays a crucial role in shaping attitudes toward land integration.

• Self-efficacy: Farmers’ confidence in their ability to successfully implement land consolidation impacts their decision-making.

• Support systems: Access to resources such as training programs, advisory services, and financial assistance facilitates participation in consolidation efforts.

• Barriers: Challenges such as land ownership regulations, unwillingness of certain landowners, and economic concerns may hinder the successful execution of land integration initiatives.

The study found that these five variables collectively account for 52% of the variance in farmers' behavioral inclination toward land consolidation. These findings highlight the significant role of psychological and social perceptions in agricultural decision-making.

Discussion

The results indicate that successful land consolidation requires a multifaceted approach that considers social, psychological, and economic factors. Policymakers must introduce preventive legislation to curb land fragmentation and inappropriate land-use changes while promoting sustainable agricultural development. Additionally, educational programs should be designed to raise farmers' awareness of the benefits of land consolidation. Economic incentives can further encourage adoption, ensuring farmers perceive the integration process as advantageous. Addressing implementation barriers is also crucial; identifying obstacles and devising effective solutions can significantly enhance farmers' willingness to participate. Moreover, community-based participatory approaches should be integrated into land consolidation initiatives. Strengthening cooperative networks and fostering a collaborative culture among farmers can ensure the long-term success and sustainability of land integration programs.