چالش‌های تولید برنج ارگانیک در فضای روستایی شهرستان شوشتر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

2 استادیار گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

3 دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

رشد فزاینده‌ی جمعیت و بحران کمبود غذا، عدم مدیریت صحیح منابع و مصرف بی‌رویه‌ی مواد شیمیایی موجب بروز مشکلات زیست‌محیطی در اکوسیستم‌های طبیعی شده‌است. نتایج بسیاری از تحقیقات حاکی از آن است که در کشاورزی متعارف با کاربرد بی‌رویه نهاده‌های شیمیایی، محیط را ویران کرده و منابع طبیعی را دچار تحلیل می‌کند. لذا ایده اصلی این پژوهش شناسایی چالش‌های تولید برنج ارگانیک به‌عنوان مهمترین و اصلی‌ترین غذای جامعه بود. جامعه آماری مورد مطالعه شامل کلیه‌ی شالیکاران شهرستان شوشتر بود. حجم نمونه با استفاده از جدول کرجسی و مورگان تعداد 388 نفر تعیین، و نمونه‌ها با روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای با انتساب متناسب برای مطالعه انتخاب شدند. ابزار اصلی تحقیق پرسشنامه‌ای بود که روایی آن توسط پانل متخصصان و پایایی آن توسط ضریب آلفای کرونباخ و پایایی ترکیبی تایید شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها در دو بخش آمار توصیفی و استنباطی توسط نرم‌افزارهای SPSS و LISREL انجام شد. نتایج بررسی چالش‌های تولید برنج ارگانیک از دیدگاه افراد مطالعه شده نشان داد که مهم‌ترین چالش‌ها شامل «پایین بودن سطح مهارت‌های شالیکارن» و «عدم اعطای یارانه به شالیکاران برای کشت ارگانیک» بود. علاوه بر این، تحلیل عاملی چالش‌های توسعه کشت برنج ارگانیک را در عامل‌های آموزشی، اقتصادی و حمایتی، اجتماعی، انگیزشی، بازاریابی، قانونی و سیاست‌گذاری طبقه‌بندی نمود که این عامل‌ها 639/68 درصد از کل واریانس عامل‌ها را تبیین نمود. علاوه بر این چالش آموزشی با تبیین 638/18 درصد از واریانس کل عامل‌ها به‌عنوان مهمترین چالش تولید برنج ارگانیک شناسایی شد. همچنین چالش‌های شناسایی شده در این بخش نیز توسط مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری مورد تأیید قرار گرفتند. نتایج این پژوهش می‌تواند به سیاست‌گذاران این حوزه در راستای ترویج رفتاری ایمن در محیط طبیعی کمک شایانی نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Challenges of Organic Rice Production in The Rural Area of Shushtar

نویسندگان [English]

  • Moslem Savari 1
  • Ababs Mirzaie 2
  • Hassan Azarm 3
1 Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
2 Department of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
3 Department of Agricultural Economics, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction

Conventional agriculture employs more than 300 types of hazardous chemical compounds—including pesticides and synthetic fertilizers—to control pests and enhance soil fertility. The use of synthetic inputs (e.g., fertilizers, pesticides) has become a common global practice aimed at boosting productivity and profitability in crop production. However, intensive farming leads to the accumulation of toxic substances in crops, the atmosphere, groundwater, and soil. Farmers engaged in non organic cultivation, as well as consumers of non organic food, are exposed to a range of health risks and diseases such as asthma, autism, physical disabilities, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and various forms of cancer. The widespread application of pesticides, particularly herbicides, has severe potential impacts on both environmental and human health. Conventional agricultural systems depend heavily on synthetic chemicals, causing biodiversity loss and damage to crucial ecosystem services around the world. Findings from numerous studies demonstrate that in conventional agriculture, the indiscriminate use of chemical inputs harms the environment and degrades natural resources. Therefore, the main focus of this research is to identify the challenges associated with organic rice production—the most essential food crop for society.
 

Methodology

The study’s statistical population comprised all rice farmers in Shushtar County. The sample size of 388 individuals was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan table, and participants were selected through a stratified sampling method with proportional assignment. The primary research instrument was a structured questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed by a panel of experts, while reliability was verified using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and composite reliability. Data analysis was conducted in two phases—descriptive and inferential—using SPSS and LISREL software packages.
 

Findings

The analysis of the challenges surrounding organic rice production, based on farmers’ perspectives, revealed that the two most significant barriers were “the low level of farmers’ technical skills” and “the lack of government subsidies for organic cultivation.” Furthermore, exploratory factor analysis classified the challenges into six major categories: Educational barriers, Economic and support barriers, Social barriers, Motivational barriers, Marketing barriers, and Legal and policy barriers.
 

Discussion and Conclusion

This study investigated the challenges of organic rice production from the viewpoint of rice farmers in Shushtar County. The findings confirmed that the main obstacles were farmers’ insufficient skills and the absence of financial subsidies for organic cultivation, consistent with previous studies by Panillo et al. (2019), Yu et al. (2020), and Haryanto et al. (2021). Factor analysis revealed six dimensions—educational, economic and support, social, motivational, marketing, legal, and policy making barriers—that collectively explained 68.639% of the total variance. These results align with the findings of Hriadi et al. (2019) and Kokur et al. (2019). Additionally, the structural equation modeling confirmed the identified barriers. The outcomes of this research provide valuable insights for policy makers and environmental planners, offering guidance for promoting safer agricultural practices and encouraging sustainability in the natural environment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Organic Rice
  • Sustainable Development
  • Natural Environment
  • Rice Farmers
  • Shushtar County

مراجع

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 01 مرداد 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 27 دی 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 16 بهمن 1403

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