تحلیل اثرگذاری تغییرات سبک زندگی بر الگوی مسکن روستایی (مطالعه موردی: روستاهای شهرستان فومن)

Introduction

Rural housing as a shelter is one of the most important human needs that has been accompanied by transformation in rural areas over time and in harmony with social and economic changes, expansion of facilities and technology. These changes in the shape, design, materials and construction knowledge of the houses have caused the new rural houses to be very different from the traditional and local patterns and more like the urban housing patterns than being rural. Today, many villages have benefited from the appearance of modernity and the use of new technologies. This benefit actually means change and transformation in the consumption and consumption pattern of the villages. In other words, the consumption pattern of villages or the lifestyle of rural communities lacks the characteristics of a rural community in the sense of the past. Because the growth and expansion of technology has not only made it possible for villagers to access new services, but it has also provided the grounds for the transfer of urban consumption patterns to rural communities in the form of the development of information and communication technology. Lifestyle includes behaviors and activities in the course of life that affect the general habits and behaviors of people and societies, and with various changes in the economic, cultural, social and environmental fields, the lifestyle also changes and the changes in the lifestyle It is concretely observed in the social lifestyle, economic livelihood, rural culture, use of natural resources and village body. One of the most important of these effects is the change in the pattern of rural housing, which represents a fundamental aspect of it. Because the construction of rural houses is highly dependent on the context in which it is formed. Climatic conditions, function of space, features of natural environment, dominant traditions, cultural principles, and religion of formation based on environment, shape and type of social relations have an effect on the body of rural houses.

Methodology

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and implementation method. Data collection is done by documentary and field method, and the statistical population of the research is villages with more than 20 households in Foman County. The sample size was calculated using the Cochran formula with a confidence level of 95% and a probability of error of 0.05, and the number of 375 heads of households were selected as a sample, which was distributed among 12 villages with three types of settlement: plains, plains, and foothills. The questionnaire has been completed. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, one-sample t-statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, analysis of variance). In the current research, changes in the lifestyle of villagers are considered as an independent variable and changes in the pattern of rural housing as a dependent variable.

Findings

In the process of transition from tradition to modernity, housing in the villages of Iran has experienced many changes and transformations in terms of architectural style, nature and function, and due to the change in the social and cultural characteristics of the rural areas, it has influenced all aspects of the residential system, which is one of the These dimensions are the model dimension of rural houses. The houses that have been built in recent years in rural areas have been affected by the change in the way of life of the villagers. This impressionability can be clearly seen both in the appearance and architectural style and in the nature and function of these houses. The findings showed that the changes in the lifestyle of the villagers of Foman city have greatly affected the pattern of rural housing in this area, and these changes can be seen in all aspects of the newly built rural houses of this county. In recent years, the lifestyle of villagers has undergone significant changes and developments with the introduction of technology, the increase of urban-rural interactions and the expansion of tourism activities in rural areas, which has affected the physical part of villages and especially the pattern of rural housing. Also, the findings showed that among the components of lifestyle, the highest average (3.08) is for the index of values and beliefs and the lowest average (2.78) is for the index of nutrition style, and in the items of the housing pattern, the physical index is the highest average (3.20). And environmental (2.87) have the lowest score. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient test to determine the relationship between lifestyle variables and housing patterns in the sample villages showed that with a confidence level of 95% and an error of 0.05 in the dry villages of Khoshke Nodhan Bala, Khasmakh, Kordamahle, Gasht and Rudpish, there is a correlation between the lifestyle variables of the villagers with There is a relationship between the rural housing pattern and since the value of Sig = 0.000 is less than the calculated error, the relationship is significant. In other words, the lifestyle changes of villagers in these villages have been able to influence the pattern of rural housing.

Discussion and Conclusion

The obtained results show that there is a relationship between the lifestyle changes of the villagers and the pattern of rural housing in Foman city, which was calculated using the Pearson correlation coefficient test, with a confidence level of 95% and an error of 0.05 to the amount of 0.519, which according to The obtained significance level, Sig=0.000, is a statistically significant relationship. This means that with the urbanization of the lifestyle of rural households, the acceptance of the new model of housing increases. Also, multivariate regression model has been used to investigate the impact of changes in villagers’ lifestyles on rural housing patterns in Foman County. Based on the coefficient of determination value of 0.784, it is clear that the linear regression of independent variables on the dependent variable justifies about 79% of the total changes. In the ANOVA table, degrees of freedom, mean square, Fisher’s statistic and significance level of regression are reported. The significance level is equal to 0.000, which is smaller than 0.05; Therefore, the null hypothesis of the test based on the non-significance of the regression model is rejected with 99% confidence, so the regression model is statistically significant. In other words, the changes in the lifestyle of the villagers affect the pattern of housing in the rural areas, and according to these changes, the nature and function of the rural housing have undergone noticeable changes, in such a way that in the new constructions that took place in the studied villages, these changes It is quite evident. Because today, under any circumstances, knowingly and unknowingly, the lifestyle of the villagers undergoes changes due to the introduction of technology and the use of media, and the houses that have been built in the villages of Foman in the last decade show these changes more.